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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urelement
Urelement
(抜粋)
In set theory, a branch of mathematics, an urelement or ur-element (from the German prefix ur-, 'primordial') is an object that is not a set, but that may be an element of a set. Urelements are sometimes called "atoms" or "individuals."

Contents
1 Theory
2 Urelements in set theory
3 Quine atoms

Urelements in set theory
The Zermelo set theory of 1908 included urelements, and hence is a version we now call ZFA or ZFCA (i.e. ZFA with axiom of choice).[1]
It was soon realized that in the context of this and closely related axiomatic set theories, the urelements were not needed because they can easily be modeled in a set theory without urelements.[2]
Thus, standard expositions of the canonical axiomatic set theories ZF and ZFC do not mention urelements. (For an exception, see Suppes.[3])
Axiomatizations of set theory that do invoke urelements include Kripke?Platek set theory with urelements, and the variant of Von Neumann?Bernays?Godel set theory described by Mendelson.[4]
In type theory, an object of type 0 can be called an urelement; hence the name "atom."

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