>>404
つづき

Introduction
Many writers have mused about algebraic geometry over deeper bases than the
ring Z of integers. Although there are several, possibly unrelated reasons for this,
here I will mention just two. The first is that the combinatorial nature of enumeration formulas in linear algebra over finite fields Fq as q tends to 1 suggests that,
just as one can work over all finite fields simultaneously by using algebraic geometry over Z, perhaps one could bring in the combinatorics of finite sets by working
over an even deeper base, one which somehow allows q = 1. It is common, following Tits [60], to call this mythical base F1, the field with one element. (See also
Steinberg [58], p. 279.) The second purpose is to prove the Riemann hypothesis.
With the analogy between integers and polynomials in mind, we might hope that
Spec Z would be a kind of curve over Spec F1, that Spec Z ?F1 Z would not only
make sense but be a surface bearing some kind of intersection theory, and that we
could then mimic over Z Weil’s proof [64] of the Riemann hypothesis over function
fields.1 Of course, since Z is the initial object in the category of rings, any theory
of algebraic geometry over a deeper base would have to leave the usual world of
rings and schemes.

つづく